Journal: Neurobiology of disease

Article Title: Anti-NMDA Receptor Autoantibodies and Associated Neurobehavioral Pathology in Mice are Dependent on Age of First Exposure to Toxoplasma gondii

doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.03.005

Figure Lengend Snippet: A) MK-801 (0.3mg/kg) administration revealed decreased PPI in juvenile-infected mice and increased PPI in adult-infected mice. Linear regression analysis showed an age x drug interaction (b= -41.179, t= -3.167, p<0.01). B) Amphetamine (5mg/kg) administration showed increased PPI in adult-infected mice. Liner regression analysis determined no age x drug interaction. Juvenile saline and MK-801 (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg), n=18; Adult saline and MK-801 (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg), n=18; Juvenile saline and amphetamine (5 and 10 mg/kg), n=17; Adult saline and amphetamine (5 and 10 mg/kg), n=18 Bars represent 95% confidence interval and symbols represent statistical significance from Mann-Whitney U-test comparisons. * denotes p ≤ 0.05 compared to saline and 0.1 mg/kg MK-801; ** denotes p≤ 0.01 compared to saline and 0.1 mg/kg MK-801; *** denotes p≤ 0.001 ‡ denotes p ≤ 0.05

Article Snippet: Mice were intraperitoneally injected with 200 μL bacteriostatic 0.9% sodium chloride (Saline) (Hospira, INC; Lake Forest, IL), 0.1 mg/kg or 0.3 mg/kg (+)-MK-801 hydrogen maleate (Sigma-Aldrich), and D-amphetamine hemisulfate salt C-II (Sigma-Aldrich) 5 min prior to placement in PPI chambers (SR Labs, San Diego Instruments, San Diego, CA).

Techniques: Infection, Saline, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Translational Psychiatry

Article Title: Reversal of evoked gamma oscillation deficits is predictive of antipsychotic activity with a unique profile for clozapine

doi: 10.1038/tp.2016.51

Figure Lengend Snippet: Study design and electrophysiological analyses. ( a ) Detailed study design. The animals are placed into the PPI chamber for 10 min acclimation, followed by 15 min baseline acquisition of PPI and EEG. They are then injected with antipsychotic, placed back in the chamber for 25 min, at which time they are injected with NMDAr antagonist. The primary PPI/EEG data acquisition phase then begins, continuing for 60 min in MK801-treated rats or 30 min for ketamine-treated rats. The process is repeated at least 3 days later, with injection of a different antipsychotic. ( b ) Schematic illustration of the ongoing gamma power analysis. The EEG data are split into 2-s epochs, which each undergo Fast Fourier Transformation. The power in 30–80 Hz (gamma) frequency range is averaged each 60 s (30 epochs). The data generated from the primary PPI/EEG period are then normalized to the average power in the baseline period (=100%) for each trial. ( c ) Schematic illustration of the evoked gamma power analysis. The epochs are extracted for all prepulse+pulse trials. These epochs incorporate the period −400 ms to +600 ms relative to the onset of the prepulse occurring in the primary period. The extracted epochs are subjected to Morlet wavelet decomposition. All the values between 30 and 80 Hz occurring between 0 and 100 ms relative to the onset of the prepulse are averaged and then normalized (baseline-corrected) to values between 30 and 80 Hz occurring between −300 and 0 ms relative to the prepulse. EEG, electroencephalogram; NMDAr, N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor; PPI, prepulse inhibition.

Article Snippet: At the start of each session, each rat was placed inside the PPI chamber (San Diego Instruments, San Diego, CA, USA) and the electrode headpiece attached to a six-channel cable.

Techniques: Injection, Transformation Assay, Generated, Inhibition